Source literature

Published
Studies

Protocolos, resultados e limitações extraídos de registros publicados verificáveis. O índice é curado e ainda não exaustivo.

23 indexed studies

Animal

2026

N = not indexed

Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) Attenuates CuSO4 or LPS induced-inflammation in Zebrafish larvae model

J. Hu et al. · European Journal of Pharmacology

Recent preclinical anti-inflammatory evidence requiring replication and human translation.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 41997403
10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.178880

In Vitro

2024

N = not indexed

Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine prevents copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation and central nervous system cell death in vitro

J. H. Min et al. · Metallomics

Mechanistic cytoprotection hypothesis requiring in vivo and clinical validation.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 38599632
10.1093/mtomcs/mfae019

In Vitro

2021

N = not indexed

Ternary Cu2+ Complexes of Human Serum Albumin and Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine

K. Bossak-Ahmad et al. · Inorganic Chemistry

Supports a plausible albumin-associated copper-exchange mechanism.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 34730942
10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03084

Human RCT

2021

N = 1961

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

John P. H. Wilding et al. · New England Journal of Medicine

Provides large randomized-trial evidence for the studied obesity indication and protocol, not for unapproved compounded or research products.

Semaglutide

Protocol: 2.4 mg · Once weekly
Identifiers: PMID 33567185
10.1056/NEJMoa2032183

Human RCT

2020

N = 121

Once-daily, subcutaneous vosoritide therapy in children with achondroplasia: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial

Ravi Savarirayan et al. · The Lancet

Provides phase 3 evidence for increased annualized growth velocity in the studied pediatric achondroplasia population.

Vosoritide

Protocol: 15.0 µg/kg · Once daily
Identifiers: PMID 32891212
10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31541-5

Human RCT

2014

N = 50

Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial

Takara L. Stanley et al. · JAMA

The findings apply to the studied population and protocol; they should not be generalized to unstudied indications or populations.

Tesamorelin

Protocol: 2 mg · Daily
Identifiers: PMID 25038357
10.1001/jama.2014.8334

Ex Vivo

2010

N = not indexed

Human skin retention and penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as function of skin layer towards anti-inflammatory therapy

J. J. Hostynek et al. · Inflammation Research

Supports experimental skin disposition, not therapeutic benefit.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: 0.68% aqueous copper as tripeptide under infinite-dose conditions ·
Identifiers: PMID 20703511
10.1007/s00011-010-0214-4

Human Clinical

2009

N = not indexed

Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects

L. Sackmann-Sala et al. · Growth Hormone & IGF Research

Provides exploratory downstream biomarker evidence only.

CJC-1295

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 19386527
10.1016/j.ghir.2009.03.001

In Vitro

2007

N = not indexed

ESI-MS study of the mechanism of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(II) complex transport through model membrane of stratum corneum

L. Mazurowska et al. · Talanta

Mechanistic permeation evidence only.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 19071668
10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.034

Human RCT

2006

N = not indexed

Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults

Sam L. Teichman et al. · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Supports a human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect on the GH/IGF-1 axis; it does not establish broader performance, body-composition or longevity claims.

CJC-1295

Protocol: Ascending single doses and weekly or biweekly multiple doses; the abstract identifies 30 or 60 µg/kg as particularly well tolerated · Single administration; weekly or biweekly in the multiple-dose trial
Identifiers: PMID 16352683
10.1210/jc.2005-1536

Human Clinical

2006

N = not indexed

Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog

M. Ionescu et al. · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Supports preserved pulsatility under continuous GHRHR stimulation; it does not establish performance or therapeutic outcomes.

CJC-1295

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 17018654
10.1210/jc.2006-1702

Animal

2006

N = not indexed

Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse

M. Alba et al. · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

Preclinical evidence of GHRHR-mediated biological activity.

CJC-1295

Protocol: · Once daily
Identifiers: PMID 16822960
10.1152/ajpendo.00201.2006

Animal

2005

N = not indexed

Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog

L. Jetté et al. · Endocrinology

Foundational evidence for DAC-mediated exposure extension and retained receptor agonism.

CJC-1295

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 15817669
10.1210/en.2004-1286

In Vitro

2000

N = not indexed

The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures

A. Siméon et al. · Life Sciences

Mechanistic evidence for matrix proteolysis regulation, not proof of net clinical remodeling benefit.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 11045606
10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00803-1

Animal

2000

N = not indexed

Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+)

A. Siméon et al. · Journal of Investigative Dermatology

Preclinical extracellular-matrix evidence.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 11121126
10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00166.x

Animal

1999

N = not indexed

Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+

A. Siméon et al. · Journal of Investigative Dermatology

Supports context-dependent matrix-remodeling activity.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 10383745
10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00606.x

In Vitro

1995

N = not indexed

Effects of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex on osteoblastic cell spreading, attachment and phenotype

D. Godet et al. · Cellular and Molecular Biology

Exploratory cell-biology evidence outside the main skin/wound corpus.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 8747089

Human RCT

1994

N = not indexed

Enhanced healing of ulcers in patients with diabetes by topical treatment with glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine copper

G. D. Mulder et al. · Wound Repair and Regeneration

Limited human evidence for one topical wound-care formulation and population.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: Metered dose of Lamin gel; amount not reported in the indexed abstract · Daily
Identifiers: PMID 17147644
10.1046/j.1524-475X.1994.20406.x

Animal

1993

N = not indexed

In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds

F. X. Maquart et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation

Preclinical wound-matrix evidence.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: ·
Identifiers: PMID 8227353
10.1172/JCI116842

In Vitro

1992

N = not indexed

Stimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+

Y. Wegrowski et al. · Life Sciences

Supports a fibroblast matrix-response mechanism.

GHK-Cu

Protocol: Concentration-response experiment; maximal response reported at 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁸ M ·
Identifiers: PMID 1522753
10.1016/0024-3205(92)90504-I

In Vitro

1988

N = not indexed

Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+

F. X. Maquart et al. · FEBS Letters

Preclinical matrix-biology evidence.

GHK-Cu