GHK-Cu
Copper(II) complex of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine
In VitroAnimalHuman RCTEx Vivo
15 studies
Open record →Biological Pathway
GHK-Cu Coordination & Copper Transport
Coordenação de Cu(II) por GHK e troca com proteínas transportadoras, incluindo complexos ternários com albumina; a relevância biológica depende do sistema estudado.
At a glance
Research Summary
- What is it?
- Coordenação de Cu(II) por GHK e troca com proteínas transportadoras, incluindo complexos ternários com albumina; a relevância biológica depende do sistema estudado.
- Why does it matter?
- GHK-Cu Coordination & Copper Transport connects 0 targets to 0 curated biological processes.
- Key mechanisms
- GHK · Cu(II) coordination · GHK-Cu · Albumin-associated exchange · Cellular or matrix context
- Key targets
- Not indexed yet
- Related compounds
- GHK-Cu
- Human evidence
- 15 related published study records are indexed.
- Main uncertainties
- Effects are tissue- and context-dependent; a pathway diagram is a curated model, not proof that every step is direct in every system.
Pathway profile
Canonical details
- Primary ligand
- Context dependent
- Target / receptor
- Not indexed yet
- Second messenger
- Not indexed
- Downstream pathway
- GHK-Cu → Albumin-associated exchange → Cellular or matrix context
- Cell types
- Not indexed yet
- Tissues
- Skin
- Physiological processes
- Not indexed yet
- Known uncertainties
- Effects are tissue- and context-dependent; a pathway diagram is a curated model, not proof that every step is direct in every system.
Complementary visualization
Mechanism
GHK
↓
Cu(II) coordination
↓
GHK-Cu ↓
Albumin-associated exchange
↓
Cellular or matrix context
Arrows show a curated signaling sequence. They do not imply that every transition is a direct physical interaction.
Relationship evidence
Related Compounds
Published evidence
Studies
in-vitroStructure of the Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine--copper(II) complex in solutionBiochemistry · 1982in-vitroN.m.r. and e.p.r. investigation of the interaction of copper(II) and glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, a growth-modulating tripeptide from plasmaBiochemical Journal · 1983in-vitroStimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+FEBS Letters · 1988in-vitroStimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+Life Sciences · 1992animalIn vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental woundsJournal of Clinical Investigation · 1993human-rctEnhanced healing of ulcers in patients with diabetes by topical treatment with glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine copperWound Repair and Regeneration · 1994in-vitroEffects of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex on osteoblastic cell spreading, attachment and phenotypeCellular and Molecular Biology · 1995animalExpression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1999in-vitroThe tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast culturesLife Sciences · 2000animalExpression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+)Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2000in-vitroESI-MS study of the mechanism of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(II) complex transport through model membrane of stratum corneumTalanta · 2007ex-vivoHuman skin retention and penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as function of skin layer towards anti-inflammatory therapyInflammation Research · 2010in-vitroTernary Cu2+ Complexes of Human Serum Albumin and Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysineInorganic Chemistry · 2021in-vitroGlycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine prevents copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation and central nervous system cell death in vitroMetallomics · 2024animalGlycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) Attenuates CuSO4 or LPS induced-inflammation in Zebrafish larvae modelEuropean Journal of Pharmacology · 2026
No dead ends